Buddhist Sacred Texts

Explore the rich textual traditions of Buddhism across different schools and traditions

Buddhist Canons

Tripitaka (Pali Canon)

The earliest complete collection of Buddhist texts, preserved in the Pali language.

Key Features:

  • Three main collections (pitakas)
  • Original Pali text
  • Verse and prose sections
  • Comprehensive commentaries

Available Languages:

Pali
English
Chinese
Thai

Study Resources:

Translations
  • Wisdom Publications Edition
  • Access to Insight Translations
  • Digital Pali Reader
Commentaries
  • Traditional Commentaries (Atthakatha)
  • Modern Academic Commentaries
  • Study Guides
Study Guides
  • Introduction to Pali
  • Buddhist Dictionary
  • Topical Guide

Online Access:

Visit WebsiteAvailable on: SuttaCentral App

Chinese Buddhist Canon

The most complete collection of Mahayana Buddhist texts, including translations from Sanskrit and original Chinese compositions.

Key Features:

  • Multiple recensions
  • Extensive commentaries
  • Historical development
  • Digital preservation

Available Languages:

Chinese
English
Japanese
Korean

Study Resources:

Translations
  • BDK English Tripitaka
  • CBETA Digital Edition
  • SAT Daizōkyō Text Database
Commentaries
  • Traditional Chinese Commentaries
  • Modern Academic Studies
  • Digital Resources
Study Guides
  • Buddhist Chinese
  • Digital Dictionary
  • Research Tools

Online Access:

Visit WebsiteAvailable on: CBETA Reader

Tibetan Buddhist Canon

The complete collection of Buddhist texts preserved in Tibet, including both translations and indigenous compositions.

Key Features:

  • Kangyur and Tengyur collections
  • Tantric texts
  • Philosophical treatises
  • Practice manuals

Available Languages:

Tibetan
English
Sanskrit

Study Resources:

Translations
  • 84000 Translations
  • Lotsawa House
  • Buddhist Digital Resource Center
Commentaries
  • Traditional Commentaries
  • Modern Translations
  • Academic Studies
Study Guides
  • Classical Tibetan
  • Buddhist Philosophy
  • Practice Guides

Online Access:

Visit WebsiteAvailable on: 84000 Reading Room

Textual Categories

Vinaya Pitaka

Collection of texts concerning rules and regulations for monastic life.

Suttavibhanga

Detailed analysis of monastic rules

Monastic Discipline
Ethics
Community Life

Khandhaka

Procedures for monastic ceremonies and duties

Ordination
Ceremonies
Daily Life

Parivara

Summary and analysis of Vinaya rules

Classification
Analysis
Study Guide

Sutta Pitaka

Collection of discourses attributed to the Buddha and his close disciples.

Digha Nikaya

Collection of long discourses

Philosophy
Doctrine
Meditation

Majjhima Nikaya

Collection of middle-length discourses

Practice
Ethics
Psychology

Samyutta Nikaya

Connected discourses on specific themes

Doctrine
Practice
Poetry

Abhidhamma Pitaka

Systematic analysis of Buddhist doctrine and philosophy.

Dhammasangani

Classification of mental states

Psychology
Philosophy
Analysis

Vibhanga

Analysis of key Buddhist concepts

Doctrine
Method
Theory

Patthana

Study of causal relations

Causality
Logic
Metaphysics

Additional Study Resources

  • Buddhist Digital Archives - Comprehensive collection of Buddhist texts and manuscripts.
  • Digital Dictionary of Buddhism - Extensive reference work for Buddhist terminology.
  • Buddhist Studies Information Gateway - Academic resources and research tools.

Study Guidelines

  • Begin with introductory texts and reliable translations
  • Study with qualified teachers when possible
  • Learn the historical and cultural context
  • Practice meditation alongside textual study
  • Engage with living traditions and communities